Clinical and Radiographic Comparison between Piezoelectric Implant Osteotomy Preparation versus Conventional Drilling Technique

Abstract

Piezo-surgery was introduced for implant site preparation due to its atraumatic
capabilities in preparation of the recipient bed thus offering improved
osseointegration and better bone healing. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect
of using piezoelectric bone surgery for implant osteotomy preparation on
implant stability and osteointegration compared with conventional drilling
techniques. METHODS: 16 implants equally installed in the maxillary anterior
or premolar regions of adult patients, divided into two groups: Group I where the
implant osteotomy site was performed using conventional drills. Group II where
the implant osteotomy site was performed using specific piezoelectric inserts.
All implants were clinically evaluated for implant stability using OSTELL
device immediately after implant placement and 6 months postoperatively, as
well as radiographically by digital parallel periapical tecgnique immediately
post-opertively, then after three and six months to assess changes in relative
bone density using digora software. RESULTS: Both groups showed a
significant increase in implant stability values (ostell readings) throughout the
study period. Piezoelectric osteotomy group showed statistically higher Ostell
values after six months in comparison to the conventional drilling group.
Radiographic evaluation showed that relative bone density values increased for
both groups at the apex, mesial and distal implant aspects throughout the study
period, with the highest density values at the six months period. Comparison in
density values between both groups showed statistically higher bone density
values in the piezoelectric osateotomy group after six months. Correlation
between clinical implant stability values (Ostell readings) and radiographic
bone density values showed a significant positive correlation at the six months
follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Osseointegration is improved
surrounding implants inserted in bone when Piezoelectric drilling is used for
drilling of osteotomy sites in the anterior maxillary region can be a successful
option for increasing implant stability values throughout the healing period in
comparison to conventional drilling techniques.