Remineralization Potential of Self-Assembling Peptide P11-4, 2% Arginine Enriched Sodium Fluoride and Functionalized Tri Calcium Phosphate Fluoride Varnishes in Depth of Artificial Carious Lesion: Polarized Light Microscopic Evaluation

Abstract

Background: White spot lesions (WSLs) known as hidden caries. Aim: to
evaluate the remineralizing potential of Self-assembling peptide P11-4, 2%
Arginine Enriched Sodium Fluoride varnish and Functionalized Tri Calcium
Phosphate Fluoride varnish regarding artificially produced carious lesions
utilizing polarized light microscope (PLM). Methods: Thirty-two bovine
enamel samples were prepared and artificially demineralized by submersion
in an acidic solution (pH 4.4) for four days until a homogenous white spot
lesion was formed and observed when the specimen dried. They were
randomly located into four groups: (A): Self-assembling peptide P11-4
varnish; (B): 2% Arginine Enriched sodium fluoride varnish; (C): Tri-Calcium
Phosphate Fluoride Varnish; and group (D): Untreated negative control. All
samples underwent a standardized protocol of regulated pH cycling for 12
days. The extent of remineralization for each drug was evaluated using PLM.
Results: All three examined materials demonstrated enhancement in the depth
of artificial carious lesions. In comparison to the negative control group D
(20.69±1.98), both groups B (80.22±9.18) and C (74.93±14.43) exhibited a
statistically significant decrease in lesion depth relative to group A
(34.45±12.73). Conclusions: All tested materials showed improvement in the
lesion depth. Arginine containing fluoride and Tri Calcium Phosphate fluoride
varnish showed better results than self-assembling peptide.