Comparative Analysis of Laparoscopic versus Open Hernia Repair Outcomes in a Tertiary Care Center: A Retrospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Hernia repair is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide, with both laparoscopic and open approaches used routinely. This study aims to compare the outcomes and complications of laparoscopic and open hernia repair procedures at a tertiary care center.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center involving 250 patients who underwent hernia repair between January 2021 and December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: laparoscopic hernia repair (Group A, n=125) and open hernia repair (Group B, n=125). Data were collected on operative time, postoperative pain, complication rates, length of hospital stay, and time to return to normal activities. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Laparoscopic hernia repair was associated with significantly shorter hospital stays (2.1 ± 0.9 days vs. 3.3 ± 1.2 days, p<0.05), less postoperative pain (measured by visual analog scale score: 3.4 ± 1.2 vs. 4.8 ± 1.3, p<0.05), and a quicker return to normal activities (14.2 ± 4.5 days vs. 21.5 ± 6.7 days, p<0.05). However, laparoscopic repair had a longer operative time (90 ± 15 minutes vs. 70 ± 20 minutes, p<0.05). The complication rates were similar between the two groups, with no significant differences in wound infection, recurrence, or other major complications.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic hernia repair offers advantages in terms of shorter hospital stay, reduced postoperative pain, and quicker recovery, though it requires a longer operative time. These findings suggest that laparoscopic hernia repair can be considered a safe and effective alternative to open repair, particularly for patients with a focus on quicker recovery.