Incidence and Predictors of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious complication in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Identifying risk factors for POD can help improve patient outcomes through targeted interventions. This study investigates the incidence and predictors of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted involving 250 elderly patients (aged ≥65) undergoing elective major abdominal surgery between January 2021 and December 2022. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, preoperative cognitive status, surgical details, and postoperative recovery. The incidence of postoperative delirium and potential predictors were assessed using multivariate logistic regression.

Results: The incidence of postoperative delirium was 25% (n=63). Factors independently associated with POD included advanced age, preoperative cognitive impairment, comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes), prolonged surgical duration, and postoperative infections.

Conclusion: Postoperative delirium is a significant concern in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Early identification of at-risk patients, based on these predictive factors, can guide preventive measures and improve postoperative care.