Anatomical Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to significant cognitive decline. Anatomical changes in the brain, such as atrophy, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, are characteristic of AD. Understanding these anatomical alterations is crucial for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.

Methods: This comprehensive review examines the anatomical changes associated with Alzheimer's disease, focusing on structural brain alterations seen through neuroimaging and post-mortem studies. A detailed comparison of regions affected by the disease, including the hippocampus, cortex, and basal forebrain, is provided.

Results: Structural brain changes, particularly hippocampal atrophy, cortical thinning, and enlargement of ventricles, were consistently observed in AD patients. Neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques predominantly affect the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus, contributing to memory impairment.

Conclusion: Anatomical alterations in Alzheimer's disease are well-documented and correlate with the clinical progression of the disease. These changes provide valuable insights for improving early detection and intervention strategies.