The Role of Anatomy in the Progression of Cardiac Diseases: A Systematic Analysis

Abstract

Background: Cardiac diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and myocardial infarction (MI), are major contributors to global mortality and morbidity. Anatomical alterations in the heart, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and changes in coronary artery structure, play a significant role in the progression of these diseases. Understanding these structural changes is critical for early diagnosis and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
Methods: This systematic analysis examines the anatomical changes associated with the progression of cardiac diseases, with a focus on structural alterations in the heart's chambers, walls, and vasculature. A comprehensive review of studies utilizing imaging modalities (e.g., echocardiography, MRI, CT) and post-mortem evaluations is conducted to explore the relationship between anatomical features and disease progression.
Results: Significant anatomical changes were observed across different cardiac diseases. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was consistently present in patients with CAD and HF, while myocardial fibrosis was a key feature in advanced stages of heart failure. Alterations in the coronary arteries, including stenosis and atherosclerotic plaque buildup, were prevalent in CAD patients, correlating with adverse outcomes.
Conclusion: Anatomical changes in cardiac diseases, such as LVH, myocardial fibrosis, and coronary artery alterations, are closely linked to disease progression. These structural changes provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases and hold promise for improving diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions