Diabetes and Retinal Changes: Anatomical Insights into Diabetic Retinopathy
Keywords:
Diabetic retinopathy, retina, microvascular changes, optical coherence tomography, diabetes, vascular leakage.Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, particularly among individuals with uncontrolled diabetes. Anatomical changes in the retina, including microvascular damage and neurodegeneration, contribute to the progression of DR.
Methods: This review synthesizes findings from studies that used fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescein angiography to assess the retinal anatomical changes in patients with diabetes.
Results: Diabetic patients showed significant microvascular changes, including retinal hemorrhages, microaneurysms, and vascular leakage. The severity of these changes was strongly associated with the duration and control of diabetes.
Conclusion: Anatomical changes in the retina, particularly in the microvasculature, play a crucial role in the development of DR. Early detection using advanced imaging techniques is essential for timely intervention and prevention of vision loss.
