Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjunct for Anesthesia in High-Risk Surgical Patients: Effects on Sedation, Hemodynamics, and Recovery

Abstract

Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, has been increasingly used as an adjunct in anesthesia for its sedative and analgesic properties without causing significant respiratory depression. This study evaluates the effects of dexmedetomidine on sedation, hemodynamics, and recovery in high-risk surgical patients undergoing major surgeries. We conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing patients who received standard anesthesia with or without the addition of dexmedetomidine. The primary outcomes assessed were sedation levels, heart rate and blood pressure fluctuations, time to extubation, and the incidence of postoperative complications, including nausea and delirium. Our results show that dexmedetomidine administration significantly improved sedation levels without compromising hemodynamic stability, as it helped maintain a more stable blood pressure and heart rate compared to the control group. Additionally, dexmedetomidine use was associated with a faster extubation time and reduced postoperative delirium, making it a beneficial adjunct in high-risk patients. These findings highlight dexmedetomidine's potential to enhance recovery and improve outcomes in complex surgical cases.