The Prevalence and Management of Hypertension in Adolescents: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Hypertension in adolescents is an emerging public health
concern, often underdiagnosed and inadequately managed. Understanding its
prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies is crucial for early
intervention and prevention of long-term cardiovascular complications.
Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among
1,200 adolescents aged 12–18 years. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were
classified based on updated guidelines, and associated risk factors were
analyzed. Management strategies, including lifestyle modifications and
pharmacological interventions, were assessed through follow-up surveys.
Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 14.2%, with higher rates among
males (16.5%) than females (12.1%). Key risk factors included obesity (OR:
3.5, 95% CI: 2.8–4.4), a family history of hypertension (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 2.1–
3.5), and sedentary behavior (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.8–2.9). Among diagnosed
cases, 45% were aware of their condition, and only 32% were on treatment.
Lifestyle modification was the most commonly reported management strategy
(87%).
Conclusion: Hypertension in adolescents is prevalent and under-managed. A
comprehensive approach, including community screening, health education,
and accessible healthcare services, is essential to address this issue.