The Role of Gut Microbiota in Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Abstract

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal
disorder characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and
altered bowel habits. While its exact etiology remains unclear, increasing
evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the
pathophysiology of IBS. This review explores the relationship between gut
microbiota and IBS, highlighting recent advancements in microbiome research
and their potential for novel therapeutic approaches to manage IBS symptoms.
Methods: A comprehensive review of studies published between 2015 and
2023 was conducted, focusing on the role of gut microbiota in IBS. Studies
examining microbial composition, dysbiosis, microbiome-host interactions, and
therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiome were included. Both
preclinical and clinical studies were analyzed to provide a broad overview of
the current state of research on microbiota modulation in IBS management.
Results: Recent studies have demonstrated significant alterations in the gut
microbiota composition of IBS patients, with a decrease in microbial diversity
and an overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Several interventions,
including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT),
have been explored to modulate the gut microbiome and alleviate IBS
symptoms. Probiotic therapies have shown promise in improving
gastrointestinal symptoms, though results have been variable. FMT has
provided more significant improvements in some clinical trials, suggesting its
potential as a novel therapeutic option for IBS. However, standardization of
treatment protocols and the need for personalized approaches remain critical.
Conclusion: Gut microbiota dysbiosis is increasingly recognized as a key
factor in the pathophysiology of IBS. Modulating the microbiome through
probiotics, prebiotics, and FMT presents a promising therapeutic avenue.
However, further research is needed to determine the most effective
microbiota-based interventions and to better understand the microbiome-host
interactions that contribute to IBS pathogenesis.